Our students have been involved in new and exciting interdisciplinary research and have published in leading high impact journals including Nature Chemistry, Nature Communications, JACS, Angewandte Chemie, Applied Physics Letters, ACS Nano, Nano Letters, Advanced Materials, Nature Protocols, PloS one, and many others.
A full list of the work published by our NanoDTC Students, Associates and others, acknowledging the NanoDTC grants EP/G037221, EP/L015978 and EP/S022953/1 is below. If you want to view the papers on google scholar, see here.
Some papers published by our students are also featured below with some additional contextual information.
Last updated: Mar 2021
Looking inside lithium-ion batteries
Spectroscopy and Electrocatalysis for a Sustainable Future
From waste to fuel: quantifying sustainability
Novel spin states discovered in silicon-based artificial atoms
A step forward in efficient artificial photosynthesis
Self-assembling hydrogels on microfluidic droplets that respond to light or chemical stimuli by disassembling
2015
Lai, Yi-Hsuan; Kato, Masaru; Mersch, Dirk; Reisner, Erwin
Comparison of photoelectrochemical water oxidation activity of a synthetic photocatalyst system with photosystem II Journal Article
In: Faraday discussions, vol. 176, pp. 199–211, 2015.
@article{lai2015comparison,
title = {Comparison of photoelectrochemical water oxidation activity of a synthetic photocatalyst system with photosystem II},
author = {Yi-Hsuan Lai and Masaru Kato and Dirk Mersch and Erwin Reisner},
url = {https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/fd/2014/c4fd00059e#!divAbstract},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Faraday discussions},
volume = {176},
pages = {199--211},
publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},
abstract = {This discussion describes a direct comparison of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation activity between a photosystem II (PSII)-functionalised photoanode and a synthetic nanocomposite photoanode. The semi-biological photoanode is composed of PSII from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus on a mesoporous indium tin oxide electrode (mesoITO|PSII). PSII embeds all of the required functionalities for light absorption, charge separation and water oxidation and ITO serves solely as the electron collector. The synthetic photoanode consists of a TiO2 and NiOx coated nanosheet-structured WO3 electrode (nanoWO3|TiO2|NiOx). The composite structure of the synthetic electrode allows mimicry of the functional key features in PSII: visible light is absorbed by WO3, TiO2 serves as a protection and charge separation layer and NiOx serves as the water oxidation electrocatalyst. MesoITO|PSII uses low energy red light, whereas nanoWO3|TiO2|NiOx requires high energy photons of blue-end visible and UV regions to oxidise water. The electrodes have a comparable onset potential at approximately 0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). MesoITO|PSII reaches its saturation photocurrent at 0.84 V vs. RHE, whereas nanoWO3|TiO2|NiOx requires more than 1.34 V vs. RHE. This suggests that mesoITO|PSII suffers from fewer limitations from charge recombination and slow water oxidation catalysis than the synthetic electrode. MesoITO|PSII displays a higher ‘per active’ site activity, but is less photostable and displays a much lower photocurrent per geometrical surface area and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) than nanoWO3|TiO2|NiOx.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nijs, Bart De; Bowman, Richard W; Herrmann, Lars O; Benz, Felix; Barrow, Steve J; Mertens, Jan; Sigle, Daniel O; Chikkaraddy, Rohit; Eiden, Anna; Ferrari, Andrea; others,
Unfolding the contents of sub-nm plasmonic gaps using normalising plasmon resonance spectroscopy Journal Article
In: Faraday discussions, vol. 178, pp. 185–193, 2015.
@article{de2015unfolding,
title = {Unfolding the contents of sub-nm plasmonic gaps using normalising plasmon resonance spectroscopy},
author = {Bart De Nijs and Richard W Bowman and Lars O Herrmann and Felix Benz and Steve J Barrow and Jan Mertens and Daniel O Sigle and Rohit Chikkaraddy and Anna Eiden and Andrea Ferrari and others},
url = {https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/fd/2015/c4fd00195h#!divAbstract},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Faraday discussions},
volume = {178},
pages = {185--193},
publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},
abstract = {Plasmonic coupling of gold nanoparticles to a gold surface creates intense plasmonic hot spots with large electromagnetic field-enhancements within the cavity formed by the two metallic surfaces. The localised field in such structures is extremely sensitive to morphological fluctuations and subtle changes in the dielectric properties of the cavity contents. Here, we present an optical method that pins down the properties of the gap contents with high sensitivity, termed normalising plasmon resonance (NPR) spectroscopy. We use this on a variety of ultrathin molecular spacers such as filled and empty cucurbiturils, and graphene. Clear differences in the spectral positions and intensities of plasmonic modes observed in the scattering spectrum resolve thickness differences of 0.1 nm, and refractive index changes from molecular filling.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Zhang, Meng; Howe, Richard CT; Woodward, Robert I; Kelleher, Edmund JR; Torrisi, Felice; Hu, Guohua; Popov, Sergei V; Taylor, Roy J; Hasan, Tawfique
Solution processed MoS 2-PVA composite for sub-bandgap mode-locking of a wideband tunable ultrafast Er: fiber laser Journal Article
In: Nano Research, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1522–1534, 2015.
@article{zhang2015solution,
title = {Solution processed MoS 2-PVA composite for sub-bandgap mode-locking of a wideband tunable ultrafast Er: fiber laser},
author = {Meng Zhang and Richard CT Howe and Robert I Woodward and Edmund JR Kelleher and Felice Torrisi and Guohua Hu and Sergei V Popov and Roy J Taylor and Tawfique Hasan},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12274-014-0637-2},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {8},
number = {5},
pages = {1522--1534},
publisher = {Tsinghua University Press},
abstract = {We fabricate a free-standing few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-polymer composite by liquid phase exfoliation of chemically pristine MoS2 crystals and use this to demonstrate a wideband tunable, ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser. Stable, picosecond pulses, tunable from 1,535 nm to 1,565 nm, are generated, corresponding to photon energies below the MoS2 material bandgap. These results contribute to the growing body of work studying the nonlinear optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides that present new opportunities for ultrafast photonic applications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ilan, Roni; Juan, Fernando De; Moore, Joel E
Spin-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometry in Topological Insulator p − n Junctions Journal Article
In: Physical review letters, vol. 115, no. 9, pp. 096802, 2015.
@article{ilan2015spin,
title = {Spin-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometry in Topological Insulator p − n Junctions},
author = {Roni Ilan and Fernando De Juan and Joel E Moore},
url = {https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.096802},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Physical review letters},
volume = {115},
number = {9},
pages = {096802},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
abstract = {Transport in three-dimensional topological insulators relies on the existence of a spin-momentum locked surface state that encloses the insulating bulk. In this work we show how, in a topological insulator p−n junction, a magnetic field turns this surface state into an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Transmission of the junction can be tuned from zero to unity, resulting in virtually perfect visibility of the interference pattern, and the reflected and transmitted currents carry opposite spin polarization so that the junction also acts as a spin filter. Our setup therefore realizes a novel and highly tunable spintronic device where the effects of spin-momentum locking in topological insulator surface states can be probed directly in a transport experiment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Offeddu, Giovanni S; Ashworth, Jennifer C; Cameron, Ruth E; Oyen, Michelle L
Multi-scale mechanical response of freeze-dried collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering applications Journal Article
In: journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, vol. 42, pp. 19–25, 2015.
@article{offeddu2015multi,
title = {Multi-scale mechanical response of freeze-dried collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering applications},
author = {Giovanni S Offeddu and Jennifer C Ashworth and Ruth E Cameron and Michelle L Oyen},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751616114003397},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials},
volume = {42},
pages = {19--25},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Tissue engineering has grown in the past two decades as a promising solution to unresolved clinical problems such as osteoarthritis. The mechanical response of tissue engineering scaffolds is one of the factors determining their use in applications such as cartilage and bone repair. The relationship between the structural and intrinsic mechanical properties of the scaffolds was the object of this study, with the ultimate aim of understanding the stiffness of the substrate that adhered cells experience, and its link to the bulk mechanical properties. Freeze-dried type I collagen porous scaffolds made with varying slurry concentrations and pore sizes were tested in a viscoelastic framework by macroindentation. Membranes made up of stacks of pore walls were indented using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy. It was found that the bulk scaffold mechanical response varied with collagen concentration in the slurry consistent with previous studies on these materials. Hydration of the scaffolds resulted in a more compliant response, yet lesser viscoelastic relaxation. Indentation of the membranes suggested that the material making up the pore walls remains unchanged between conditions, so that the stiffness of the scaffolds at the scale of seeded cells is unchanged; rather, it is suggested that thicker pore walls or more of these result in the increased moduli for the greater slurry concentration conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dolan, James A; Wilts, Bodo D; Vignolini, Silvia; Baumberg, Jeremy J; Steiner, Ullrich; Wilkinson, Timothy D
Optical properties of gyroid structured materials: from photonic crystals to metamaterials Journal Article
In: Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 12–32, 2015.
@article{dolan2015optical,
title = {Optical properties of gyroid structured materials: from photonic crystals to metamaterials},
author = {James A Dolan and Bodo D Wilts and Silvia Vignolini and Jeremy J Baumberg and Ullrich Steiner and Timothy D Wilkinson},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adom.201400333},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Advanced Optical Materials},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {12--32},
abstract = {The gyroid is a continuous and triply periodic cubic morphology which possesses a constant mean curvature surface across a range of volumetric fill fractions. Found in a variety of natural and synthetic systems which form through self‐assembly, from butterfly wing scales to block copolymers, the gyroid also exhibits an inherent chirality not observed in any other similar morphologies. These unique geometrical properties impart to gyroid structured materials a host of interesting optical properties. Depending on the length scale on which the constituent materials are organised, these properties arise from starkly different physical mechanisms (such as a complete photonic bandgap for photonic crystals and a greatly depressed plasma frequency for optical metamaterials). This article reviews the theoretical predictions and experimental observations of the optical properties of two fundamental classes of gyroid structured materials: photonic crystals (wavelength scale) and metamaterials (sub‐wavelength scale).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Parker, Richard; Zhang, Jing; Zheng, Yu; Coulston, Roger J; Smith, Clive A; Salmon, Andrew R; Yu, Ziyi; Scherman, Oren A; Abell, Chris
Research data supporting "Electrostatically Directed Self-Assembly of Ultrathin Supramolecular Polymer Microcapsules" Journal Article
In: 2015.
@article{parker2015research,
title = {Research data supporting "Electrostatically Directed Self-Assembly of Ultrathin Supramolecular Polymer Microcapsules"},
author = {Richard Parker and Jing Zhang and Yu Zheng and Roger J Coulston and Clive A Smith and Andrew R Salmon and Ziyi Yu and Oren A Scherman and Chris Abell},
url = {https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/247727},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
abstract = {Supporting data for the article titled "Electrostatically-directed self-assembly of ultra-thin supramolecular polymer microcapsules". The article was accepted for publication on 28th April 2015 in the journal "Advanced Functional Materials". Electronic supporting Information is available from the publisher (Wiley). This data provides the original confocal fluorescence micrographs and the corresponding spreadsheets used to generate the line-graphs included in Figures 2 and 4 in the manuscript, and S5 in the Electronic supporting Information. The processed spreadsheet, hyperspectral cube dataset and optical micrographs used in 2-dimensional thickness mapping of the microcapsule, as reported in Figure 3 of the manuscript, is also included. NMR and IR spectra are in the "synthesis and characterisation" folder.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Walker, Michael I; Weatherup, Robert S; Bell, Nicholas AW; Hofmann, Stephan; Keyser, Ulrich F
Free-standing graphene membranes on glass nanopores for ionic current measurements Journal Article
In: Applied Physics Letters, vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 023119, 2015.
@article{walker2015free,
title = {Free-standing graphene membranes on glass nanopores for ionic current measurements},
author = {Michael I Walker and Robert S Weatherup and Nicholas AW Bell and Stephan Hofmann and Ulrich F Keyser},
url = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.4906236},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
volume = {106},
number = {2},
pages = {023119},
publisher = {AIP Publishing LLC},
abstract = {A method is established to reliably suspend graphene monolayers across glass nanopores as a simple, low cost platform to study ionic transport through graphene membranes. We systematically show that the graphene seals glass nanopore openings with areas ranging from 180 nm2 to 20 μm2, allowing detailed measurements of ionic current and transport through graphene. In combination with in situ Raman spectroscopy, we characterise the defects formed in ozone treated graphene, confirming an increase in ionic current flow with defect density. This highlights the potential of our method for studying single molecule sensing and filtration.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bell, Nicholas AW; Keyser, Ulrich F
Specific protein detection using designed DNA carriers and nanopores Journal Article
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 137, no. 5, pp. 2035–2041, 2015.
@article{bell2015specific,
title = {Specific protein detection using designed DNA carriers and nanopores},
author = {Nicholas AW Bell and Ulrich F Keyser},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja512521w},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
volume = {137},
number = {5},
pages = {2035--2041},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {Nanopores are a versatile technique for the detection and characterization of single molecules in solution. An ongoing challenge in the field is to find methods to selectively detect specific biomolecules. In this work we describe a new technique for sensing specific proteins using unmodified solid-state nanopores. We engineered a double strand of DNA by hybridizing nearly two hundred oligonucleotides to a linearized version of the m13mp18 virus genome. This engineered double strand, which we call a DNA carrier, allows positioning of protein binding sites at nanometer accurate intervals along its contour via DNA conjugation chemistry. We measure the ionic current signal of translocating DNA carriers as a function of the number of binding sites and show detection down to the single protein level. Furthermore, we use DNA carriers to develop an assay for identifying a single protein species within a protein mixture.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Merlet, Céline; Forse, Alexander C; Griffin, John M; Frenkel, Daan; Grey, Clare P
Lattice simulation method to model diffusion and NMR spectra in porous materials Journal Article
In: The Journal of chemical physics, vol. 142, no. 9, pp. 094701, 2015.
@article{merlet2015lattice,
title = {Lattice simulation method to model diffusion and NMR spectra in porous materials},
author = {Céline Merlet and Alexander C Forse and John M Griffin and Daan Frenkel and Clare P Grey},
url = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.4913368},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {The Journal of chemical physics},
volume = {142},
number = {9},
pages = {094701},
publisher = {AIP Publishing LLC},
abstract = {A coarse-grained simulation method to predict nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of ions diffusing in porous carbons is proposed. The coarse-grained model uses input from molecular dynamics simulations such as the free-energy profile for ionic adsorption, and density-functional theory calculations are used to predict the NMR chemical shift of the diffusing ions. The approach is used to compute NMR spectra of ions in slit pores with pore widths ranging from 2 to 10 nm. As diffusion inside pores is fast, the NMR spectrum of an ion trapped in a single mesopore will be a sharp peak with a pore size dependent chemical shift. To account for the experimentally observed NMR line shapes, our simulations must model the relatively slow exchange between different pores. We show that the computed NMR line shapes depend on both the pore size distribution and the spatial arrangement of the pores. The technique presented in this work provides a tool to extract information about the spatial distribution of pore sizes from NMR spectra. Such information is difficult to obtain from other characterisation techniques.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gautier, Helene OB; Thompson, Amelia J; Achouri, Sarra; Koser, David E; Holtzmann, Kathrin; Moeendarbary, Emad; Franze, Kristian
Atomic force microscopy-based force measurements on animal cells and tissues Journal Article
In: Methods in cell biology, vol. 125, pp. 211–235, 2015.
@article{gautier2015atomic,
title = {Atomic force microscopy-based force measurements on animal cells and tissues},
author = {Helene OB Gautier and Amelia J Thompson and Sarra Achouri and David E Koser and Kathrin Holtzmann and Emad Moeendarbary and Kristian Franze},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091679X14000065},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Methods in cell biology},
volume = {125},
pages = {211--235},
publisher = {Academic Press},
abstract = {During development, normal functioning, as well as in certain pathological conditions, cells are influenced not only by biochemical but also by mechanical signals. Over the past two decades, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become one of the key tools to investigate the mechanical properties and interactions of biological samples. AFM studies have provided important insights into the role of mechanical signaling in different biological processes. In this chapter, we introduce different applications of AFM-based force measurements, from experimental setup and sample preparation to data acquisition and analysis, with a special focus on nervous system mechanics. Combined with other microscopy techniques, AFM is a powerful tool to reveal novel information about molecular, cell, and tissue mechanics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Puchtler, Tim J; Woolf, Alexander; Zhu, Tongtong; Gachet, David; Hu, Evelyn L; Oliver, Rachel A
Effect of threading dislocations on the quality factor of InGaN/GaN microdisk cavities Journal Article
In: ACS photonics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 137–143, 2015.
@article{puchtler2015effect,
title = {Effect of threading dislocations on the quality factor of InGaN/GaN microdisk cavities},
author = {Tim J Puchtler and Alexander Woolf and Tongtong Zhu and David Gachet and Evelyn L Hu and Rachel A Oliver},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ph500426g},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {ACS photonics},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {137--143},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {In spite of the theoretical advantages associated with nitride microcavities, the quality factors of devices with embedded indium gallium nitride (InGaN) or gallium nitride (GaN) optical emitters still remain low. In this work we identify threading dislocations (TDs) as a major limitation to the fabrication of high quality factor devices in the nitrides. We report on the use of cathodoluminescence (CL) to identify individual TD positions within microdisk lasers containing either InGaN quantum wells or quantum dots. Using CL to accurately count the number, and map the position, of dislocations within several individual cavities, we have found a clear correlation between the density of defects in the high-field region of a microdisk and its corresponding quality factor (Q). We discuss possible mechanisms associated with defects, photon scattering, and absorption, which could be responsible for degraded device performance.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Martyushenko, Nikolay; Bell, Nicholas AW; Lamboll, Robin D; Keyser, Ulrich F
Nanopore analysis of amyloid fibrils formed by lysozyme aggregation Journal Article
In: Analyst, vol. 140, no. 14, pp. 4882–4886, 2015.
@article{martyushenko2015nanopore,
title = {Nanopore analysis of amyloid fibrils formed by lysozyme aggregation},
author = {Nikolay Martyushenko and Nicholas AW Bell and Robin D Lamboll and Ulrich F Keyser},
url = {https://pubs.rsc.org/fi/content/articlehtml/2015/an/c5an00530b},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Analyst},
volume = {140},
number = {14},
pages = {4882--4886},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
abstract = {The measurement of single particle size distributions of amyloid fibrils is crucial for determining mechanisms of growth and toxicity. Nanopore sensing is an attractive solution for this problem since it gives information on aggregates’ shapes with relatively high throughput for a single particle technology. In this paper we study the translocation of lysozyme fibrils through quartz glass nanopores. We demonstrate that, under appropriate salt and pH conditions, lysozyme fibrils translocate through bare quartz nanopores without causing significant clogging. This enables us to measure statistics on tens of thousands of translocations of lysozyme fibrils with the same nanopore and track their development over a time course of aggregation spanning 24 h. Analysis of our events shows that the statistics are consistent with a simple bulk conductivity model for the passage of rods with a fixed cross sectional area through a conical glass nanopore.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Parker, Richard M; Zhang, Jing; Zheng, Yu; Coulston, Roger J; Smith, Clive A; Salmon, Andrew R; Yu, Ziyi; Scherman, Oren A; Abell, Chris
Electrostatically Directed Self-Assembly of Ultrathin Supramolecular Polymer Microcapsules Journal Article
In: Advanced functional materials, vol. 25, no. 26, pp. 4091–4100, 2015.
@article{parker2015electrostatically,
title = {Electrostatically Directed Self-Assembly of Ultrathin Supramolecular Polymer Microcapsules},
author = {Richard M Parker and Jing Zhang and Yu Zheng and Roger J Coulston and Clive A Smith and Andrew R Salmon and Ziyi Yu and Oren A Scherman and Chris Abell},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adfm.201501079},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Advanced functional materials},
volume = {25},
number = {26},
pages = {4091--4100},
abstract = {Supramolecular self‐assembly offers routes to challenging architectures on the molecular and macroscopic scale. Coupled with microfluidics it has been used to make microcapsules—where a 2D sheet is shaped in 3D, encapsulating the volume within. In this paper, a versatile methodology to direct the accumulation of capsule‐forming components to the droplet interface using electrostatic interactions is described. In this approach, charged copolymers are selectively partitioned to the microdroplet interface by a complementary charged surfactant for subsequent supramolecular cross‐linking via cucurbit[8]uril. This dynamic assembly process is employed to selectively form both hollow, ultrathin microcapsules and solid microparticles from a single solution. The ability to dictate the distribution of a mixture of charged copolymers within the microdroplet, as demonstrated by the single‐step fabrication of distinct core–shell microcapsules, gives access to a new generation of innovative self‐assembled constructs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Forse, Alexander C; Griffin, John M; Merlet, Céline; Bayley, Paul M; Wang, Hao; Simon, Patrice; Grey, Clare P
NMR study of ion dynamics and charge storage in ionic liquid supercapacitors Journal Article
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 137, no. 22, pp. 7231–7242, 2015.
@article{forse2015nmr,
title = {NMR study of ion dynamics and charge storage in ionic liquid supercapacitors},
author = {Alexander C Forse and John M Griffin and Céline Merlet and Paul M Bayley and Hao Wang and Patrice Simon and Clare P Grey},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jacs.5b03958},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
volume = {137},
number = {22},
pages = {7231--7242},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {Ionic liquids are emerging as promising new electrolytes for supercapacitors. While their higher operating voltages allow the storage of more energy than organic electrolytes, they cannot currently compete in terms of power performance. More fundamental studies of the mechanism and dynamics of charge storage are required to facilitate the development and application of these materials. Here we demonstrate the application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the structure and dynamics of ionic liquids confined in porous carbon electrodes. The measurements reveal that ionic liquids spontaneously wet the carbon micropores in the absence of any applied potential and that on application of a potential supercapacitor charging takes place by adsorption of counterions and desorption of co-ions from the pores. We find that adsorption and desorption of anions surprisingly plays a more dominant role than that of the cations. Having elucidated the charging mechanism, we go on to study the factors that affect the rate of ionic diffusion in the carbon micropores in an effort to understand supercapacitor charging dynamics. We show that the line shape of the resonance arising from adsorbed ions is a sensitive probe of their effective diffusion rate, which is found to depend on the ionic liquid studied, as well as the presence of any solvent additives. Taken as whole, our NMR measurements allow us to rationalize the power performances of different electrolytes in supercapacitors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jean, L; Swanson, Jacob J; Boies, Adam M
Unsteady bipolar diffusion charging in aerosol neutralisers: A non-dimensional approach to predict charge distribution equilibrium behaviour Journal Article
In: Journal of Aerosol Science, vol. 86, pp. 55–68, 2015.
@article{jean2015unsteady,
title = {Unsteady bipolar diffusion charging in aerosol neutralisers: A non-dimensional approach to predict charge distribution equilibrium behaviour},
author = {L Jean and Jacob J Swanson and Adam M Boies},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021850215000440},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Aerosol Science},
volume = {86},
pages = {55--68},
publisher = {Pergamon},
abstract = {High total particle concentration and small particle size are common features of aerosols encountered in the field of aerosol-based nanotechnology that can potentially lead to non-equilibrium issues in the neutraliser upon SMPS characterisation, resulting in large errors in size distribution measurements. Experiments show that the commonly assumed product rule fails to predict equilibrium behaviour in aerosol neutralisers under these conditions, as it does not capture the influence of total particle concentration and particle size. The aim of this work is to provide an equilibrium indicator that identifies situations where equilibrium is not reached in the neutraliser as a function of residence time, ion generation rate, total particle concentration, and particle size. Bipolar diffusion charging equations are solved numerically in a one-dimensional model first, and a non-dimensional analysis of the results is carried out in order to map equilibrium behaviour as a function of two non-dimensional groups, the non-dimensional ion concentration, and the non-dimensional neutraliser residence time. Solving the three-dimensional form of the charging equations in the geometry of the neutraliser then enables one to find good agreement in terms of equilibrium behaviour between experiments and predictions from the non-dimensional model. The three-dimensional model captures the complexity of the physics of unsteady particle charging inside a neutraliser. This work then discusses this as a new approach to non-equilibrium behaviour prediction in neutralisers, providing a tool supplementing the product rule that can be used in practice.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mersch, Dirk; Lee, Chong-Yong; Zhang, Jenny Zhenqi; Brinkert, Katharina; Fontecilla-Camps, Juan C; Rutherford, William A; Reisner, Erwin
Wiring of photosystem II to hydrogenase for photoelectrochemical water splitting Journal Article
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 137, no. 26, pp. 8541–8549, 2015.
@article{mersch2015wiring,
title = {Wiring of photosystem II to hydrogenase for photoelectrochemical water splitting},
author = {Dirk Mersch and Chong-Yong Lee and Jenny Zhenqi Zhang and Katharina Brinkert and Juan C Fontecilla-Camps and William A Rutherford and Erwin Reisner},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jacs.5b03737},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
volume = {137},
number = {26},
pages = {8541--8549},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {In natural photosynthesis, light is used for the production of chemical energy carriers to fuel biological activity. The re-engineering of natural photosynthetic pathways can provide inspiration for sustainable fuel production and insights for understanding the process itself. Here, we employ a semiartificial approach to study photobiological water splitting via a pathway unavailable to nature: the direct coupling of the water oxidation enzyme, photosystem II, to the H2 evolving enzyme, hydrogenase. Essential to this approach is the integration of the isolated enzymes into the artificial circuit of a photoelectrochemical cell. We therefore developed a tailor-made hierarchically structured indium–tin oxide electrode that gives rise to the excellent integration of both photosystem II and hydrogenase for performing the anodic and cathodic half-reactions, respectively. When connected together with the aid of an applied bias, the semiartificial cell demonstrated quantitative electron flow from photosystem II to the hydrogenase with the production of H2 and O2 being in the expected two-to-one ratio and a light-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 5.4% under low-intensity red-light irradiation. We thereby demonstrate efficient light-driven water splitting using a pathway inaccessible to biology and report on a widely applicable in vitro platform for the controlled coupling of enzymatic redox processes to meaningfully study photocatalytic reactions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kitty Y. M. Yeung Jacqui Cole, G Pace; Friend, Richard H
In: CrystEngComm, vol. 17, no. 27, pp. 5026–5031, 2015.
@article{cole2015situ,
title = {In situ synthesis, crystallisation, and thin-film processing of single crystals of trans-[Ru (SO 2)(NH 3) 4 (H 2 O)][p-TolSO 3] 2 bearing SO 2 linkage photo-isomers: towards optical device applications},
author = {Jacqui Cole, Kitty Y. M. Yeung, G Pace, SO Sylvester, Dirk Mersch and Richard H Friend},
url = {https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/ce/c5ce00685f/unauth#!divAbstract},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {CrystEngComm},
volume = {17},
number = {27},
pages = {5026--5031},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
abstract = {Metastable sulfur dioxide linkage photo-isomers can be generated in a family of ruthenium tetraammine-based complexes in their single-crystal form; this imparts them with attractive prospects as holographic data storage media (dark state = 0; photo-isomer state = 1). Embedding these optically encoded single crystals into thin-film technology via a polymer host should present one possible option for their ultimate device application. Crystals of trans-[Ru(SO2)(NH3)4(H2O)][p-TolSO3]2([Ru]-SO2) were incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix, by in situ synthesis of [Ru]-SO2 from the reaction of trans-[Ru(SO2)(NH3)4Cl]Cl and p-tolunesulfonic acid (p-TA) in the PVA matrix, and an associated in situ precipitating crystallisation. Transmission electron microscopy and diffraction on the resulting drop-cast thin films identified these [Ru]-SO2 precipitates and their crystallinity; low-temperature solid-state UV-vis absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the desired SO2 photo-isomerisation in [Ru]-SO2 was uncompromised by its inclusion in thin films. The size and distribution of the embedded crystals were optimised by spin coating thin films of various in situ crystallised precipitates of [Ru]-SO2 that emanated from chemical reaction mixtures of trans-[Ru(SO2)(NH3)4Cl]Cl/p-TA/PVA. Results demonstrate the viability of the inclusion of single crystals of [Ru]-SO2 in thin films for optical device applications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kalcheim, Yoav; Millo, Oded; Bernardo, Angelo Di; Pal, Avardeep; Robinson, Jason WA
Inverse proximity effect at superconductor-ferromagnet interfaces: Evidence for induced triplet pairing in the superconductor Journal Article
In: Physical Review B, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 060501, 2015.
@article{kalcheim2015inverse,
title = {Inverse proximity effect at superconductor-ferromagnet interfaces: Evidence for induced triplet pairing in the superconductor},
author = {Yoav Kalcheim and Oded Millo and Angelo Di Bernardo and Avardeep Pal and Jason WA Robinson},
url = {https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.060501},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Physical Review B},
volume = {92},
number = {6},
pages = {060501},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
abstract = {Considerable evidence for proximity-induced triplet superconductivity on the ferromagnetic side of a superconductor-ferromagnet (S-F) interface now exists; however, the corresponding effect on the superconductor side has hardly been addressed. We have performed scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on NbN superconducting thin films proximity coupled to the half-metallic ferromagnet La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 (LCMO) as a function of magnetic field. We have found that at zero and low applied magnetic fields the tunneling spectra on NbN typically show an anomalous gap structure with suppressed coherence peaks and, in some cases, a zero-bias conductance peak. As the field increases to the magnetic saturation of LCMO where the magnetization is homogeneous, the spectra become more BCS-like and the critical temperature of the NbN increases, implying a reduced proximity effect. Our results therefore suggest that triplet-pairing correlations are also induced in the S side of an S-F bilayer.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bernardo, Angelo Di; Diesch, Simon; Gu, Yuanzhou; Linder, Jacob; Divitini, Giorgio; Ducati, Caterina; Scheer, Elke; Blamire, Mark G; Robinson, Jason WA
Signature of magnetic-dependent gapless odd frequency states at superconductor/ferromagnet interfaces Journal Article
In: Nature communications, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2015.
@article{di2015signature,
title = {Signature of magnetic-dependent gapless odd frequency states at superconductor/ferromagnet interfaces},
author = {Angelo Di Bernardo and Simon Diesch and Yuanzhou Gu and Jacob Linder and Giorgio Divitini and Caterina Ducati and Elke Scheer and Mark G Blamire and Jason WA Robinson},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9053},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {1--8},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
abstract = {The theory of superconductivity developed by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer (BCS) explains the stabilization of electron pairs into a spin-singlet, even frequency, state by the formation of an energy gap within which the density of states is zero. At a superconductor interface with an inhomogeneous ferromagnet, a gapless odd frequency superconducting state is predicted, in which the Cooper pairs are in a spin-triplet state. Although indirect evidence for such a state has been obtained, the gap structure and pairing symmetry have not so far been determined. Here we report scanning tunnelling spectroscopy of Nb superconducting films proximity coupled to epitaxial Ho. These measurements reveal pronounced changes to the Nb subgap superconducting density of states on driving the Ho through a metamagnetic transition from a helical antiferromagnetic to a homogeneous ferromagnetic state for which a BCS-like gap is recovered. The results prove odd frequency spin-triplet superconductivity at superconductor/inhomogeneous magnet interfaces.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}